PHP's sscanf in JavaScript

Here’s what our current JavaScript equivalent to PHP's sscanf looks like.

module.exports = function sscanf (str, format) {
// discuss at: https://locutus.io/php/sscanf/
// original by: Brett Zamir (https://brett-zamir.me)
// example 1: sscanf('SN/2350001', 'SN/%d')
// returns 1: [2350001]
// example 2: var myVar = {}
// example 2: sscanf('SN/2350001', 'SN/%d', myVar)
// example 2: var $result = myVar.value
// returns 2: 2350001
// example 3: sscanf("10--20", "%2$d--%1$d") // Must escape '$' in PHP, but not JS
// returns 3: [20, 10]
const retArr = []
const _NWS = /\S/
const args = arguments
let digit
const _setExtraConversionSpecs = function (offset) {
// Since a mismatched character sets us off track from future
// legitimate finds, we just scan
// to the end for any other conversion specifications (besides a percent literal),
// setting them to null
// sscanf seems to disallow all conversion specification components (of sprintf)
// except for type specifiers
// Do not allow % in last char. class
// var matches = format.match(/%[+-]?([ 0]|'.)?-?\d*(\.\d+)?[bcdeufFosxX]/g);
// Do not allow % in last char. class:
const matches = format.slice(offset).match(/%[cdeEufgosxX]/g)
// b, F,G give errors in PHP, but 'g', though also disallowed, doesn't
if (matches) {
let lgth = matches.length
while (lgth--) {
retArr.push(null)
}
}
return _finish()
}
var _finish = function () {
if (args.length === 2) {
return retArr
}
for (var i = 0; i < retArr.length; ++i) {
args[i + 2].value = retArr[i]
}
return i
}
const _addNext = function (j, regex, cb) {
if (assign) {
const remaining = str.slice(j)
const check = width ? remaining.substr(0, width) : remaining
const match = regex.exec(check)
// @todo: Make this more readable
const key = digit !== undefined
? digit
: retArr.length
const testNull = retArr[key] = match
? (cb
? cb.apply(null, match)
: match[0])
: null
if (testNull === null) {
throw new Error('No match in string')
}
return j + match[0].length
}
return j
}
if (arguments.length < 2) {
throw new Error('Not enough arguments passed to sscanf')
}
// PROCESS
for (let i = 0, j = 0; i < format.length; i++) {
var width = 0
var assign = true
if (format.charAt(i) === '%') {
if (format.charAt(i + 1) === '%') {
if (str.charAt(j) === '%') {
// a matched percent literal
// skip beyond duplicated percent
++i
++j
continue
}
// Format indicated a percent literal, but not actually present
return _setExtraConversionSpecs(i + 2)
}
// CHARACTER FOLLOWING PERCENT IS NOT A PERCENT
// We need 'g' set to get lastIndex
const prePattern = /^(?:(\d+)\$)?(\*)?(\d*)([hlL]?)/g
const preConvs = prePattern.exec(format.slice(i + 1))
const tmpDigit = digit
if (tmpDigit && preConvs[1] === undefined) {
let msg = 'All groups in sscanf() must be expressed as numeric if '
msg += 'any have already been used'
throw new Error(msg)
}
digit = preConvs[1] ? parseInt(preConvs[1], 10) - 1 : undefined
assign = !preConvs[2]
width = parseInt(preConvs[3], 10)
const sizeCode = preConvs[4]
i += prePattern.lastIndex
// @todo: Does PHP do anything with these? Seems not to matter
if (sizeCode) {
// This would need to be processed later
switch (sizeCode) {
case 'h':
case 'l':
case 'L':
// Treats subsequent as short int (for d,i,n) or unsigned short int (for o,u,x)
// Treats subsequent as long int (for d,i,n), or unsigned long int (for o,u,x);
// or as double (for e,f,g) instead of float or wchar_t instead of char
// Treats subsequent as long double (for e,f,g)
break
default:
throw new Error('Unexpected size specifier in sscanf()!')
}
}
// PROCESS CHARACTER
try {
// For detailed explanations, see https://web.archive.org/web/20031128125047/https://www.uwm.edu/cgi-bin/IMT/wwwman?topic=scanf%283%29&msection=
// Also https://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/techdoc/ref/sscanf.html
// p, S, C arguments in C function not available
// DOCUMENTED UNDER SSCANF
switch (format.charAt(i + 1)) {
case 'F':
// Not supported in PHP sscanf; the argument is treated as a float, and
// presented as a floating-point number (non-locale aware)
// sscanf doesn't support locales, so no need for two (see %f)
break
case 'g':
// Not supported in PHP sscanf; shorter of %e and %f
// Irrelevant to input conversion
break
case 'G':
// Not supported in PHP sscanf; shorter of %E and %f
// Irrelevant to input conversion
break
case 'b':
// Not supported in PHP sscanf; the argument is treated as an integer,
// and presented as a binary number
// Not supported - couldn't distinguish from other integers
break
case 'i':
// Integer with base detection (Equivalent of 'd', but base 0 instead of 10)
var pattern = /([+-])?(?:(?:0x([\da-fA-F]+))|(?:0([0-7]+))|(\d+))/
j = _addNext(j, pattern, function (num, sign, hex,
oct, dec) {
return hex ? parseInt(num, 16) : oct ? parseInt(num, 8) : parseInt(num, 10)
})
break
case 'n':
// Number of characters processed so far
retArr[digit !== undefined ? digit : retArr.length - 1] = j
break
// DOCUMENTED UNDER SPRINTF
case 'c':
// Get character; suppresses skipping over whitespace!
// (but shouldn't be whitespace in format anyways, so no difference here)
// Non-greedy match
j = _addNext(j, new RegExp('.{1,' + (width || 1) + '}'))
break
case 'D':
case 'd':
// sscanf documented decimal number; equivalent of 'd';
// Optionally signed decimal integer
j = _addNext(j, /([+-])?(?:0*)(\d+)/, function (num, sign, dec) {
// Ignores initial zeroes, unlike %i and parseInt()
const decInt = parseInt((sign || '') + dec, 10)
if (decInt < 0) {
// PHP also won't allow less than -2147483648
// integer overflow with negative
return decInt < -2147483648 ? -2147483648 : decInt
} else {
// PHP also won't allow greater than -2147483647
return decInt < 2147483647 ? decInt : 2147483647
}
})
break
case 'f':
case 'E':
case 'e':
// Although sscanf doesn't support locales,
// this is used instead of '%F'; seems to be same as %e
// These don't discriminate here as both allow exponential float of either case
j = _addNext(j, /([+-])?(?:0*)(\d*\.?\d*(?:[eE]?\d+)?)/, function (num, sign, dec) {
if (dec === '.') {
return null
}
// Ignores initial zeroes, unlike %i and parseFloat()
return parseFloat((sign || '') + dec)
})
break
case 'u':
// unsigned decimal integer
// We won't deal with integer overflows due to signs
j = _addNext(j, /([+-])?(?:0*)(\d+)/, function (num, sign, dec) {
// Ignores initial zeroes, unlike %i and parseInt()
const decInt = parseInt(dec, 10)
if (sign === '-') {
// PHP also won't allow greater than 4294967295
// integer overflow with negative
return 4294967296 - decInt
} else {
return decInt < 4294967295 ? decInt : 4294967295
}
})
break
case 'o':
// Octal integer // @todo: add overflows as above?
j = _addNext(j, /([+-])?(?:0([0-7]+))/, function (num, sign, oct) {
return parseInt(num, 8)
})
break
case 's':
// Greedy match
j = _addNext(j, /\S+/)
break
case 'X':
case 'x':
// Same as 'x'?
// @todo: add overflows as above?
// Initial 0x not necessary here
j = _addNext(j, /([+-])?(?:(?:0x)?([\da-fA-F]+))/, function (num, sign, hex) {
return parseInt(num, 16)
})
break
case '':
// If no character left in expression
throw new Error('Missing character after percent mark in sscanf() format argument')
default:
throw new Error('Unrecognized character after percent mark in sscanf() format argument')
}
} catch (e) {
if (e === 'No match in string') {
// Allow us to exit
return _setExtraConversionSpecs(i + 2)
}
// Calculate skipping beyond initial percent too
}
++i
} else if (format.charAt(i) !== str.charAt(j)) {
// @todo: Double-check i whitespace ignored in string and/or formats
_NWS.lastIndex = 0
if ((_NWS)
.test(str.charAt(j)) || str.charAt(j) === '') {
// Whitespace doesn't need to be an exact match)
return _setExtraConversionSpecs(i + 1)
} else {
// Adjust strings when encounter non-matching whitespace,
// so they align in future checks above
// Ok to replace with j++;?
str = str.slice(0, j) + str.slice(j + 1)
i--
}
} else {
j++
}
}
// POST-PROCESSING
return _finish()
}
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How to use

You you can install via npm install locutus and require it via require('locutus/php/strings/sscanf'). You could also require the strings module in full so that you could access strings.sscanf instead.

If you intend to target the browser, you can then use a module bundler such as Parcel, webpack, Browserify, or rollup.js. This can be important because Locutus allows modern JavaScript in the source files, meaning it may not work in all browsers without a build/transpile step. Locutus does transpile all functions to ES5 before publishing to npm.

A community effort

Not unlike Wikipedia, Locutus is an ongoing community effort. Our philosophy follows The McDonald’s Theory. This means that we don't consider it to be a bad thing that many of our functions are first iterations, which may still have their fair share of issues. We hope that these flaws will inspire others to come up with better ideas.

This way of working also means that we don't offer any production guarantees, and recommend to use Locutus inspiration and learning purposes only.

Examples

Please note that these examples are distilled from test cases that automatically verify our functions still work correctly. This could explain some quirky ones.

#codeexpected result
1sscanf('SN/2350001', 'SN/%d')[2350001]
2var myVar = {} sscanf('SN/2350001', 'SN/%d', myVar) var $result = myVar.value2350001
3sscanf("10--20", "%2$d--%1$d") // Must escape '$' in PHP, but not JS[20, 10]

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